Unipolar dynamo-electric machinery



el.) BEST AVAXLABLE COP 3 Shats-Sheefi 1 R. vEIGKElVH-ZYER.

UNIPOLAR DYNAMO ELECTRIC MAOEINERY. I No. 396,149. Pautented Jan. 15.;1889.

rt-n: uomus PEYERS co., WASHINGYON, 04 c.

' BEST AVAXLABLE COP 3 Shets-Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

R. EICKEMEYER. UNIPOLAR DYNAM O ELECTRIC MAGHINERY.

xx 1 m R ill i .4

j'uuenior (No Model.)

BEST AVAlLABLE C '3 SheetsSheet a. R. EICKEMEYER. UNIPOLAR DYNAMO ELECTRIC MAOH'INERY; No. 396,149. Patented Jan. 15,1889.

: h-uawror:

To all whom it flung concern:

BEST AVAlLABLE COP U ITED STATES PATENT OF ICE.-

QRUDOLF EICKEME-Y-ER, OF'YQNKERS, NEW YO'R1(..

u-N'iPoLARnYnAMo' ELEcTR c MACHINERY.

s-r'nomioazrron' forming as of Letters Patent N 396,149, dtea'minary s, 1889.

' Application filed May 22,1836. Serial to. 202,973. on model.)

Be it'known that I, RUno F' EicK EMEYER,

Y of Yonkers, in. the countyot \Vestchester and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in liiagn eto Electric iand Electro-liiagnetic "Machines; and I do, hereby declare that the followingspecifica tion, taken in connection withfthc drawings furnished and forming apart of thesame,' is

a clear, true, and-complete description of the. several features of my inventionk A These improvements relate towhat are k nown as unipolar machines, and'to-thatparticularlclassthereofwhich were disclosed by me in my application tor-Letters Patent filed ovember 8, 1882, Serial No. 76,234, and which embody a series of internal or armature conductors connected ir'rlinearf circuit or series by a series of outside conductors, said internal conductors being exposed toa magnetic field and conducting electricity always 'in one di--' rection, and said outside conductors serving to couple'said internal conductors in linear circuit in;on e or more series. In my saidapplicat-ion,Serial l\ o. 76,234, various forms of machines devised by me were illustrated, and

insome' of them-a s, for instance, one of the formsillustrated in adivision of said application, filed May '14, ]883,--Ser'ial No.94,900,

and also in another division application, filed May 7,1885, SerialNo. l5$,()33-'the a'rmatur'es were provided with conductors, which in part occupied lines radial to the axis of the armature, and my present application relates to machines-having armatures providedwi th 1' dial conductors, whether the; same be restricted to radial lines, or, in addition thereto, alsooccupy lines parallel with the axis of the armature and at right angles to saidradial lines. In connection withan armature embodying these radial conductors I employ c0- incident magnetic pole-faceswhich 'a-re'rech.

- angular to the axis ,of thcarmature and afford a circular magnetic field, within and through which the radial conductors travel, and such pole-faces were illustrated by mein my aforesaid application, Serial No. 7 6,234, andthe several forms of machine hereinafterdescribedoperate'upon the principle illustrated in Figure! of the drawings filed with said application.

After fully describing the several machines illustrated in the drawings, the novel features whic'li' are to coiistitute the subiiect ofthisapplication will be/specified in the several clauses of. claim hereunto famlexed. i Referring i said internal radial conductors are connected incircuit. Fig. 2 is'an end view of the machine, Fig. 1,'with the nut and cap at the end of the armature-shaft removed for better disclosing the adjacent ends of. the in ternal con- .ductors. Fig. 3 is a'similar end View, but with the outside conductols and also the outer pole of the magnet removed. Fig. 4, in a sectional view like Fig. '1 illustrates a machine having a similar magnet-and outside conductors; but the internal conductors are in the form of disks having tubular extensions for affording electric connection with the outside conduct o'rs. Fig. 5, 'in longitudinal Vertical section, illustrates one of my machines in which the 'st-ricted to lines radial to the'axis of the armature. Fig. 6 illustrates the interior of the machine, the bed-plate being, insection and the end portion of the machine, with the outside stationary conductors, removed. Fig. 7

'armature-conduct-or. Fig. 8 illustrates the several stationary conductors detached from the machine. Figs. 9 and 10 illustrate the stationary or outside conductors which serve as the terminals of the machine. Fig. 11 illustrates that portion of the machine, Fig. 5, in which the. stationary or outside-conductors are mountcd.'- Fig. 1:, in .-entra-lvertical lougitudinal section, illustrates one of myanachines in which the armature-conductors are restricted to radial lines, and in which the arhoused within the shell which. aii'ords the coincident pole-faces. half of the magnetic shell of-tl'ic machine,

Fig. '12.

In the machine shown in Figs.- 1, 2, and. 3 the magnetic system includes a central cylindrical stationary core, A, an encircling exto the three sheets of drawings,- Fig. 1 illustrates in longitudinal lateral seemature provided with a series of independent illustrates in front and side View a detached 13 illustrates onearinatu're, and outside conductors by which,

internal conductors of .the armature are 'rein'atu re itself is encircledby the exciting-helix V citing-helix, B, an iuclosing-shell, C, which 2 V x I 396,149..

- A, a coincident pole-face at the-endplate, D,

- and an annular magnetic field between said faces. The center of the staiiOHary core A is provided with a tubular bearing for the and their rings are bestmounted upon said axis a, of the armature E, said axis or shaft having at one end a belt-pulley, Z).

The armature'conductors Fare in the form of bars which occupy radial lines, as at c, and at 0" they occupy lines parallel withthe axis a, and at their outer ends'theyextend along and parallel with said axis, as at 0 The number of these bar-conductors F may be almost indefinitely varied; but,as,- here shown, there are' .twe1ve of them, although these are so .coupled together as to constitute four sets, each set including three conductors, as will be readily seen-in Figs. 1 and 3. Said eonducto'rs are thus united]. in sets by means ofconducting-rings d (1'. These conducting-bars axis-by meansofLa pair of concave annular insulating-blocks,- .e,-and a clamping-nut, e, at

f the outer end of the axis, the ends-of the portions '0 of each bar beinginclined, so as to fit the concavities of said insulating-blocks and enabling them tobe firmly clamped in position. Each set, of conducting-bars has an inner conducting-ring, d, and an outer'conduct ing-ring, d and these rings are coupled in circuit by outside conductors, f, provided with brushes f ateach end for respectively engaging in contact with one of the inner rings, d, and some one of the outer rings,

, minals for the'machine.

d, so that a continuous or linear electric circuit is afforded through all .ofthe three sets of bars and theirrings, and through the outside conductors, ,oneof the outer-rings and one of the inner rings being coupled by brushes f to screw-posts f f to afford ter- As thus organized, whether the armature be revolved as in a generator or as in a motor, electric currents will traverse all the armatnre-conductors in [one direction and traverse the outside conductors in the opposite direction, because the.

rings of each set of armature-condnctois are appropriately connected electrically with the proper rings of other sets, thus affording a continuous electric circuit from either screwpost through the several sets of conductors to the other screw-post. I

It will be obvious that the radial portions of the armaturc-conductors occupy the most eifective portion of the magnetic field; but it. will also be seen that the other portions of said conductors also occupy outlying portions of said field. This novel embodiment in a machine of an armature having a set of independent radial conductors and a single helix housed within the shell of amagnct, affording coincident faces 'of opposite polarity, and an annular magnetic field.'at-right angles .to the axis of the armature for the reception gage.

' BEST AW COP.

of the radial conductors, enables the produc{ tion of effective machines in compact form and at low cost.

The grouping of two or more radial armature-condnctors and placing them in communication with a pair of condnctirig-rings,

ing-ring for aifordingjelectric communication with otherarmature-conductors by'the way of stationary conductors. v r

In Figi'4 the central core, A, helix-'13, in-

closing-shell C, end plate, D, outside con- 4 'ductois, f, brushes f, screw-posts f and brushes f are all substantially as previously described. The armature E differs from thatshown in Fig. 1 mainly in the form and character of the a-rmature-conductors li", which in this case are in the form of disks g. each having a large tubular projection, as at g and a smaller tubular projection, as at 31*, and'at the end of each projection there is a conducting-ring, g",with which the brushes enln themachine shown in 1 the sev; eral armaturte-conductors occupyone plane, but with the disk-conductors each occupies a separate plane, and hence the magnetic field or space between the pole-faces in s is wider than that in Figll The several disk- 'conductors and their tubular projections are of course insulated from each other and from the armature-axis, and their grouping, as shown, necessarily unites them in. mass, so that as acomplele set oi conductors they can be integrally applied to and removed from the arma-tnre-alvis and be readilyinsulated there from and clamped thereto as, for instance,

IIC

between a collar on the axis and a collar and nut at the outer endthereof, as shown.

It. will of course be understood that the diskcondnctors have little, if any, more effective capacity than any one of the single. radial conducting-bars F of the machine, Fig. 1, and

hence bars will generally be preferred, and if.

not preferred for that reason alone it should be observed that the bars admit of placing the pole-faces in closer proximity to each other, and enable a liiglily-eir'iw-tive magnetic field to be afforded with comparatively littlebulk of metal and a comparatively small excitinghelix. 4

a The machine. shown in Figs. 5 to 11, inclusive, differs lag'gel y in form and construction from either of those previously described, but it embodies similar features. The framing of this form of machine may or may not constitute part of the magnetic system without departure from my invention, and for the put-- poses of thisspecification'said system may be limited to the two tubular magnets G and their exciting-helices B, said magnets being placed end to end to afford an annular magnetic field at G between their ends,. which c onsti'- t-ute annular coincident pole-faces, which are of course oppositely polarized; The armature E differs from those previously. described mainly in that its bar-conductors F arerestricttvl to radial lines, and as'a result thereof they are differently mountedupon .the arma titre-axis a, and involve the use ot outside stationary conductors of a somewhatdifferent form and character. p

A's here shown" in Fig. 6, there are fortyeight radial bar-couductx irs F occupying a conductor at its inner end has anin-clinedplane common toall. Each" conductor is wedge-shaped, and at its'inner end it has a narrow long contact-face, as at h, and at its outer end a. shorter'but wider contact-face, M,

and between these inner andouterfacesthey are reduced 'in' size both at the front and attheir sides, thus affording open spaces between them and an annular rece'ss in front. Each the axis or shaft (1.? The outer ends of the eonductois are firmly clamped by means of a binding-ring i, which canbe solid and frics tionally applied in small machines or made in segmental sections and united by adjust able clamping-screws in larger machines.

It is of course to be understood that the several radial bar-conductors are insulated-from each other and from the clamping devices and that their cont-actcfaces should be trued up, so as toait'ord annular contact-surfaces broken only by the insulated spaces intervening be tween the" faces.- This skeletonizing of the arm atu re at that portion thereof which is composed wholly of eonducting-liars,coupled with the arrangement of the magnet by which circulating-drafts of air must be freely developed bythe rotating armature, is obviovsl y eonduciveto the elimination of such heat as may he developed as a result of the movements of the armature-conductors in the magnetic field. These forty-eight radial conductors are organized so as to co-operate with" eight stationary conductors, k, each of the latter (except the terminals) having a capacity to simultaneously engage with five of the conductors at their inner contact-faces, and also with five other conductors at their outer contact-faces. Although these particular conductors k are pract-ieallv housed within the machine, I term them outside conductors, in

that theyare outside of the armature,but'co- "operate wit-hthe conducting-bars thereon for placing them in linear circuit, and I have also called them "stationary. conductors. al

and always including tive BEST AVAlLABLE COP though in each case they are in whole'or in part capable of more or. less independent movement; but they are always stationary with r'espeetto the moving contact-faces on the rotating armature. At regular'intervals' between each two. successive stationary conductors one of said armature-conductors is wholly out of circuit, said interval var ing of course according to the speed at which the armature may be rotated. The two stationary -'conductors which serve as the terminals, also respectively engage successively with five inner-and five outer faces of thearmature-com ductors. This novel feature of alternately grouping and electrically connecting several bar-conductors of a series with one'of several outside or stationary conductors resembles a 1 feature-which was disclosed by me in my application for Letters Patent, Serial No. 7 6,234, and

also in a division thereof filed March 7, 1885,. Serial No. 158,033, although therein the contacts werearranged to provide for a circuit through'the armaturc-conductois which alternately inch l one audmoret-han one of the said conductors tlnroughout thepat-h ot' the armature portionof the circuit. v

In oneof the pole-faces opposite the contact-faces of the {M'mRl'lll'-(OmlllOlOlS there is a series of tangential slots, I, as is clearly shown in Fig. 11,and in each slot one of the stationary or outside conductors la is loosely located. insulated against contact with said pole face and f romeachoth er, and they are maintained in proper relative positions by means of an annular plate, 1n, composed of flexible insulating-material, and loose dowel-pins or screws -m', as clearly shown in Figs. 5 and 8;

Each stationary cond ucto r has an inn ercoutact-face, k, and an outer contactface, 1. oc-

cupying such positions wi-th relation to each other that when in position, the two faces'on any one stat-iomu-y conductor cannot possibly engage with the two faces of any one armaturc-conductor,as is clearly indicated in Fig. 6, wherein it will be .assumed that the armature is to revolve in the diroctionof the arrow. The stationaryconductors are shown in dotted lines. (ommencing with thcarmatnrc-bar No. l, which is out of circuit, Nos. 2,

All of said conductors are properly 3, 1t, 5, and (i will be coupled byway oi their outer contacts with bars a, t), 10, 11, and i2, bars 7 and 13 being also out of'circuit, and so on, c\'er sixth barbeing successively reutral or out of circuit and ,eiu-h group of five bars being successively in circuit, thus providing for apcontinuous circuit through the mat-hi ue, bars in the pat-hot said circuit. v

Although the central portions of the radial m'mature-conductors need only be insulated by free open-spaces, itwill be seen that there Willhe little'or no liability of short-circuit ing, because'between any two groups of bars included in the linear circuit there will-- al ways he an intermediate idle orneutral her,

e and thetwo intervening frce spaces, and as the bars pass to and fromeach.,con tactface of an outside conductor thereis of course a more'or'less incompletecontact; but'at'all 5 times-four bars will be fully grouped in the circuit alternating with a complete contact of five bars I i I Theterminals of this maohineare provided i by separating theouter end of one 05 the sta IQ tiopary conductors into two parts and insulating them from each other, as is clearly shown in Figs. 8', 9, and' 10, one terminal-1, 75, v extending tonthe inner contactfaces of the armature-conductors, and the other terminal,

k engaging with the outer contact-faces.

" Each stationary conductor is provided near its ends with controlling-rodeo; and adjustable expansive spiral springs n, by which desir'able electric contacts are maintained be- H tween the stationary conductors and the con- "i tact face's on the radial armatu'reeconductors.

4 In 12 and 13 1 showthe'same form of armature E 'lastdescribed and the same atrangement of stationaryconductors; but the bolted together,

G. 'Iiheprinaturesconductors F and the static-nary conductors k, occupying tangential slots 'lin one of said pole-faces; are .all as Slirl-wn, in Fig. 13.

.. In this machine the helix B is housed within the magnetic "shell, as shown in Fig. 1, and also as disclosed in my aforesaid; original ap l a n 4o ters Patent, said features consisting of the peculiarly formed and arranged radial bars, the' tangential arrangement of the outsideconductors, and the longitudinally,- actuated spring-contacts; as well as combinations specifically including said novelties. Ihaye shown stationary conductors provided with spring contacts orbrushes, and others having contact faccs composed of non-flexible or rigid material backed by springs; but I do not restrict myself to contacts of any specific variety. In my prior applications for Letters Patent I have disclosed many I 'for sccuringdesirable contact between movable conductors,and also between movable and stationary conductors, and many of these may be employed to advantage in these niachines. The stationary conductors shown in Fig. 8, if composed of soft sheet metal, may be struck up ll dies and provided with recesses or pockets for thereception of contact-blocks composed of carbon or' other suitable conducting material possessing insufficient strength to warrant its use for formingthe entire conductor, and highly satisfactoryi results .will'accrue from the use'of contact-blocks composed magnetic system.

magnetic system includes the two shells H affording'coincident annular pole-fa'ces, and theinterve'nin g magnetic fieldas-well as in certain divisions;- tlfereof; but there are certain novel features in this machine, as well as in the machine novel features BEST AVAILABLE cos manner departing from my invention, and

the same is tigueas' to the ari nature-axis, which i may or may not constitute a portion of the Each of these forms of machine contains apair oi oppositely-polarized coincident pole-faces aiiording a circular mag netic field, and in each the armature embodies an axis located centrally with relation to-said pole-pieces, and also -a I conductor radial to said axisand'locat'ed in :said magnetic field,

and it is to be understood that'this feature ofmy invention willin,part constitute the subject of aseparate' application for Letters Patent. (See Serial No. 203,125.)

. 5 Having thus described my invention, I herein claim ,asnew and desire to secure by Letters Patent Y v 1. In an electro-magnetic or magneto-elecr tric machine, the combination, substantially as hereinbefore described,'of a rotating arma ture provided with a series of independent radial bar-conductors, and outside conductors which couple the outer and the inner ends of the armature bar-conductors and coupl'e said conductors in linear circuit.

2.. .In an electro-magnetic or magneto-electric machine, the combination, substantially as hereinbefore described,of a rotating armature-carrying a series of' radial bar-conductors coupled in lineal-circuit by outside conductors, a magnetic shell affording annular coincident faces at right angles to the axis of -the armature, and an exciting-helix housed within said shell for developing in said faces 105 opposite polarity and affording-between them, anannular magnetic field for the reception of said radial armature bar-conductors. I

3. In an electro-magnetic or magneto-elec tric'machine, the combination, substantia as hereinbefore described, of a rotating armature provided with a series of radial conductors and out-side conductors which couple the outer ends of two or more of said armatureconductors with ,theinner ends of two or more 1 I 5 other armature-conductors, and thus provide on said armature a linear electric circuit which at all points in its path includes two or more of said radial conductors;

4. In an elect'ro-magnetic or magneto-elec- 12o tric machine, the combination, suost-antially as hereinbefore described, of an armature provid'ed with a series of independent radial conductors and outside. conductors, each in electric communication with four or more of said 125 armature-conductors, and coupling saidarmature-conductors in a-linear circuit which embraces in its path atall points two or more of said armature conductors.

5. In an electronagnetic or magneto-ele c- 13c 396,149. 'BESTAVAILABLE co 5 h-ic mac-hing, the combination, substantially :1 flordinga continuous circuit which embraces zishereinlmfore described, of anarmat-ure proa'tall points in its path two 01' more of sand vided with a series of independent radial 0011- rad iai cmiducrors.

ductoi-s and a series of conducting rings RUDOLF ETOKEME YER. coupled in pairs to two or more of said arma- \Vii-ncssos: I tum-conductors, and a series of outside con- R. EK'KEME ER, J r.,

ducfors cmnmunicating' with said'rings and ("um-Bum RYER. 

